The Medicare Part D appeals process is an essential safety valve, allowing access to needed prescription medications—such as those that are not on the plan’s formulary, or are subject to high cost sharing, when formulary or lower cost alternatives are not appropriate. However, Part D enrollees often struggle to successfully navigate this overly complex, multi-step, process, and it can also prove burdensome for pharmacists, plans, and prescribing physicians. This can result in delayed access to needed prescriptions, abandonment of prescribed medications, reduced adherence to treatment protocols, worse health outcomes, and higher costs for the patient and the Medicare program.