Under Original Medicare, Medicare pays providers a fixed rate for each service rendered to enrollees. By contrast, Medicare pays private Medicare Advantage plans a fixed monthly rate for each enrollee; the plans then pay providers to deliver care. The Medicare Advantage payment rates are set annually through a complicated series of determinations and adjustments that have significant bearing on Medicare financing. In this fact sheet, we review those processes and impacts.

Flaws in the Medicare Advantage payment formula yield inflated plan payments that grow with enrollment. Plans use these additional dollars to offer services Original Medicare does not cover. They heavily and successfully market these “supplemental benefits,” boosting enrollment and triggering even more overpayments. Plans invest those funds to attract more enrollees, and the cycle begins again. This fact sheet explains this harmful pattern and what it means for Medicare solvency.

Like other Medicare enrollees, people who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid can choose to receive their Part A and Part B benefits through Original Medicare (OM) or from a private Medicare Advantage (MA) plan. Some who select MA may have access to a Dual Eligible Special Needs Plan (D-SNP) which is an MA plan exclusive to people enrolled in both programs. In this fact sheet we examine D-SNPs’ potential to improve integrated care and the beneficiary experience.